Epidemiological Profile of Neonates in Hearing Screening at a Maternity of a Tertiary Hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract Introduction The newborn hearing screening (NHS) test aims the early diagnostic of hearing deficits that may also harm the full development of communication and learning of the affected child. Objective Trace the clinical and epidemiological profile of children born between July 2016 and July 2019; in addition to the outcome of the NHSs and factors related to failure in the hearing tests at a maternity of a tertiary hospital in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods The present is a cross-sectional study. A census of those born in the period defined for study was performed and a script was developed for the review of medical records, based on the literature. Results The sample can be considered homogeneous in relation to gender and age. The pregnant women had an average of 30.9 years. There were 30 neonates (1.9%) that did not undergo NHS. New evaluations were required in 288 patients (18.2%). Finally, 24 (1.5% of the population) remained with insufficient results in the retest. The following variables achieved statistical relevance with higher failure rates in tests and/or retests: natural delivery (p = 0.007), arterial hypertension present (p = 0.002), use of hydralazine (p = 0.038), and use of dipyrone in the test (p = 0.041) and retest (p = 0.003). Younger mothers had higher levels of normality in the test (p = 0.003) and retest (p = 0.161). The correlations between the other variables and the outcomes were not statistically significant. Conclusion False positives (62.8%) in the first test showed a value higher than the ideal goal; those who did not undergo the NHS (1.9%) and who needed evaluation by a specialist, due to failure in the retest (1.5%), are within the quality goals defined by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) in 2007.

Acurácia da relação cintura-altura comparada ao índice de massa corpórea no diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil / Accuracy of the waist-height ratio compared to the body mass index in the diagnosis of overweight and childhood obesity

Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia da relação cintura-altura (RCA) em comparação ao Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) no diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças de 9 a 12 anos, além de estabelecer um ponto de corte ideal da RCA. Método: Estudo transversal, sendo a população estudada escolares de nove a doze anos, de quatro escolas. Os dados foram tabulados no Programa Microsoft Excel 2013. As medidas de associação foram feitas através do teste de ANOVA seguida de Tukey. Foram calculados os pontos de corte da RCA para sobrepeso e obesidade com suas respectivas acurácias, através da análise das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). Resultados: Observou-se uma elevada prevalência de excesso de peso na faixa etária selecionada, enquanto que o baixo peso apresentou uma menor ocorrência. A análise da RCA através da Curva ROC mostrou uma área sob a curva (ASC) de 0,915 para o diagnóstico de obesidade, sendo o ponto de corte de 0,45. Para o sobrepeso, a RCA mostrou uma área sob a curva de 0,857, com ponto de corte de 0,43.Diferenças entre as idades e os sexos não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: A RCA se mostrou um bom preditor para a triagem de obesidade infantil, porém sua acurácia para o diagnóstico de sobrepeso não foi satisfatória. São necessários novos estudos que demonstrem a eficácia desse indicador, afim de que o mesmo se consolide como medida diagnóstica do excesso de peso infantil.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) compared to Body Mass Index (BMI) for diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children aged 9 to 12 years old. Method: Cross-sectional study, with the studied population being schoolchildren aged 9 to 12 years old. The data were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. The measures of association were made through the ANOVA test followed by Tukey. The cutoff points of the (WHtR) for overweight and obesity were calculated through the analysis of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: There was a high prevalence of overweight in the selected age group The WHtR analysis using ROC curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.915 for the diagnosis of obesity, with a cutoff point of 0.45. For overweight, the WHtR showed an area under the curve of 0.857, with cutoff point of 0.43. Differences between ages and genders were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The WHtR proved to be a good predictor for the screening of childhood obesity, but its accuracy for the diagnosis of overweight was not satisfactory. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this indicator, in order to consolidate it as a screening measure for childhood overweight.

Expectativas e perfil do uso de álcool em acadêmicos de Medicina / Expectations and profile of alcohol use in academics of Medicine

O objetivo foi investigar o perfil e as expectativas do consumo de álcool em acadêmicos de medicina, além de averiguar a idade de início de utilização da substância e classificar o nível de risco de cada participante para dependência. Foram aplicados o "Inventario de Expectativas e Crenças Pessoais sobre o Álcool" e o "Teste de Identificação de Desordens Devido ao Álcool", além de questionamentos adicionais. A amostra foi composta principalmente por mulheres (58,0%) com média de 22 anos. Declararam-se abstêmios apenas 5,0% dos universitários. Pouco mais da metade iniciou o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas antes de completar 16 anos; foi observada tendência masculina para um início mais precoce. 61,9% dos alunos ficaram abaixo do ponto de corte no primeiro questionário, significando que possuem baixas expectativas positivas no uso de bebidas alcoólicas. No segundo instrumento foram classificados como nível I de risco 66,5% dos sujeitos, como nível II 31,2%, como nível III 1,5% e como nível IV 0,8%. Percebeu-se correlação positiva entre os instrumentos (p=0,000), isto é, quanto maior o nível de risco dos participantes maiores eram as expectativas positivas dos mesmos. Também se inferiu que os sujeitos que iniciaram mais precocemente o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas carregam maiores expectativas positivas. Foram obtidas taxas de consumo de álcool maiores que as encontradas na literatura, seguindo a tendência crescente do consumo alcoólico que a mesma tem apontado, mostrando necessidade de maior conscientização dos futuros profissionais da saúde e de maior atenção de políticas públicas para o assunto abordado neste estudo.

The objective was to investigate the profile and expectations of alcohol consumption in medical students, as well as to determine the age at which the substance is started and to classify each participant's level of risk for dependence. The "Inventory of Personal Expectations and Beliefs about Alcohol" and the "Test of Identification of Alcohol Disorders" were applied, as well as additional questions. The sample consisted mainly of women (58.0%) with an average of 22 years. Only 5.0% of university students were declared abstainers. Just over half started drinking alcohol before reaching the age of 16; male tendencies were observed for earlier onset. 61.9% of the students were below the cutoff point of the first questionnaire, which means that they have low positive expectations in the use of alcoholic beverages. In the second instrument, 66.5% of the subjects were classified as level I at risk, being level II 31.2%, level III 1.5% and level IV 0.8%. There was a positive correlation between the instruments (p = 0.000), that is, the higher the participants' risk level, the higher the expectations. It has also been inferred that individuals who started drinking alcohol earlier have higher positive expectations. The rates of alcohol consumption were higher than those found in the literature, following the growing tendency of alcohol consumption, evidencing the need for greater awareness of future health professionals and greater public policy attention to the topic addressed in this study.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos recém-nascidos no período de novembro de 2014 a junho de 2015 com alterações genéticas e/ou malformações congênitas, no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição / Clinical and epidemiological profile of newborns from november 2014 to june 2015 with genetic and / or congenital malformations at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição

Qualquer alteração no decorrer do desenvolvimento embrionário pode resultar em malformações congênitas, que variam entre pequenas assimetrias e anomalias com maiores comprometimentos funcionais e estéticos. Este artigo objetivou traçar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos recém-nascidos com malformação congênita entre 1º de novembro de 2014 e 30 de junho de 2015, no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Tubarão-SC. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal por meio de uma revisão padronizada dos prontuários das crianças. Dentre os 1784 nascimentos que ocorreram neste período foram relatados 18 casos de malformação congênita. O perfil predominante dentre esses foi branco, masculino, a termo e com um bom índice de Apgar. As malformações predominantes foram fendas labial e palatina, presentes em 27,8% dos casos.

Any change in the course of embryonic development can result in congenital malformations, ranging from small asymmetries and anomalies with greater functional and aesthetic compromises. This study aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of newborns with congenital malformation between November 1,2014 and June 30, 2015, in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC) in Tubarão-SC. An epidemiological crosssectional study using a standardized review of medical records of children was carried out. Among the 1,784 births that occurred in this period were reported 18 cases of congenital malformation. The predominant profile among these was white, male, forward and with a good Apgar score. The predominant malformations cleft lip and palate were present in 27.8% of cases.